Hyper-Converged Infrastructure, IT Systems Management
Article | September 14, 2023
Containers have emerged as a choice for deploying and scaling applications, owing to their lightweight, isolated, and portable nature. However, the absence of robust security measures may expose containers to diverse threats, thereby compromising the confidentiality and integrity of data and apps.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 IaaS Container Security Techniques
2.1 Container Image Security
2.2 Host Security
2.3 Network Security
2.4 Data Security
2.5 Identity and Access Management (IAM)
2.6 Runtime Container Security
2.7 Compliance and Auditing
3 Conclusion
1. Introduction
Infrastructure as a Service has become an increasingly popular way of deploying and managing applications, and containerization has emerged as a leading technology for packaging and deploying these applications. Containers are software packages that include all the necessary components to operate in any environment. While containers offer numerous benefits, such as portability, scalability, and speed, they also introduce new security challenges that must be addressed.
Implementing adequate IaaS container security requires a comprehensive approach encompassing multiple layers and techniques. This blog explores the critical components of IaaS container security. It provides an overview of the techniques and best practices for implementing security measures that ensure the confidentiality and integrity of containerized applications. By following these, organizations can leverage the benefits of IaaS and containerization while mitigating the security risks that come along.
2. IaaS Container Security Techniques
The increasing IAAS security risks and security issues associated with IAAS these days are leading to a massive data breach. Thus, IAAS security concerns are taken into consideration, and seven best techniques are drafted below.
2.1. Container Image Security:
Container images are the building blocks of containerized applications. Ensuring the security of these images is essential to prevent security threats. The following measures are used for container image security:
Using secure registries: The registry is the location where container images are stored and distributed. Usage of centrally managed registries on campus, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) can scan them for security issues and system managers may simply assess package gaps, etc.
Signing images: Container images can be signed using digital signatures to ensure their authenticity. Signed images can be verified before being deployed to ensure they have not been tampered with.
Scanning images: Although standard AppSec tools such as Software Composition Analysis (SCA) can check container images for vulnerabilities in software packages and dependencies, extra dependencies can be introduced during the development process or even at runtime.
2.2. Host Security:
Host security is a collection of capabilities that provide a framework for implementing a variety of security solutions on hosts to prevent attacks. The underlying host infrastructure where containers are deployed must be secured. The following measures are used for host security:
Using secure operating systems: The host operating system must be safe and up-to-date with the latest high severity security patches within 7 days of release, and others, within 30 days to prevent vulnerabilities and security issues.
Applying security patches: Security patches must be applied to the host operating system and other software packages to fix vulnerabilities and prevent security threats.
Hardening the host environment: The host environment must be hardened by disabling unnecessary services, limiting access to the host, and applying security policies to prevent unauthorized access.
2.3. Network Security:
Network security involves securing the network traffic between containers and the outside world. The following measures are used for network security:
Using Microsegmentation and firewalls: Microsegmentation tools with next-gen firewalls provide container network security. Microsegmentation software leverages network virtualization to build extremely granular security zones in data centers and cloud applications to isolate and safeguard each workload.
Encryption: Encryption can protect network traffic and prevent eavesdropping and interception of data.
Access control measures: Access control measures can restrict access to containerized applications based on user roles and responsibilities.
2.4. Data Security:
Data stored in containers must be secured to ensure its confidentiality and integrity. The following measures are used for data security:
Using encryption: Data stored in containers can be encrypted, using Transport Layer Security protocol version 1.1. (TLS 1.1) or higher, to protect it from unauthorized access and prevent data leaks. All outbound traffic from private cloud should be encrypted at the transport layer.
Access control measures: Access control measures can restrict access to sensitive data in containers based on user roles and responsibilities.
Not storing sensitive data in clear text: Sensitive data must not be stored in clear text within containers to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches. Backup app data, atleast weekly.
2.5. Identity and Access Management (IAM):
IAM involves managing access to the container infrastructure and resources based on the roles and responsibilities of the users. The following measures are used for IAM:
Implementing identity and access management solutions: IAM solutions can manage user identities, assign user roles and responsibilities, authenticate and provide access control policies.
Multi-factor authentication: Multi-factor authentication can add an extra layer of security to the login process.
Auditing capabilities: Auditing capabilities can monitor user activity and detect potential security threats.
2.6. Runtime Container Security:
To keep its containers safe, businesses should employ a defense-in-depth strategy, as part of runtime protection.
Malicious processes, files, and network activity that deviates from a baseline can be detected and blocked via runtime container security.
Container runtime protection can give an extra layer of defense against malicious code on top of the network security provided by containerized next-generation firewalls.
In addition, HTTP layer 7 based threats like the OWASP Top 10, denial of service (DoS), and bots can be prevented with embedded web application and API security.
2.7. Compliance and Auditing:
Compliance and auditing ensure that the container infrastructure complies with relevant regulatory and industry standards. The following measures are used for compliance and auditing:
Monitoring and auditing capabilities: Monitoring and auditing capabilities can detect and report cloud security incidents and violations.
Compliance frameworks: Compliance frameworks can be used to ensure that the container infrastructure complies with relevant regulatory and industry standards, such as HIPAA, PCI DSS, and GDPR.
Enabling data access logs on AWS S3 buckets containing high-risk Confidential Data is one such example.
3. Conclusion
IaaS container security is critical for organizations that rely on containerization technology for deploying and managing their applications. There is likely to be an increased focus on the increased use of AI and ML to detect and respond to security incidents in real-time, the adoption of more advanced encryption techniques to protect data, and the integration of security measures into the entire application development lifecycle.
In order to stay ahead of the challenges and ensure the continued security of containerized applications, the ongoing process of IaaS container security requires continuous attention and improvement. By prioritizing security and implementing effective measures, organizations can confidently leverage the benefits of containerization while maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of their applications and data.
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Hyper-Converged Infrastructure
Article | September 14, 2023
The success of 5G technology is a function of both the infrastructure that supports it and the ecosystems that enable it. Today, the definitive focus in the 5G space is on enterprise use cases, ranging from dedicated private 5G networks to accessing edge compute infrastructure and public or private clouds from the public 5G network. As a result, vendor-neutral multitenant data center providers and their rich interconnection capabilities are pivotal in helping make 5G a reality. This is true both in terms of the physical infrastructure needed to support 5G and the ability to effectively connect enterprises to 5G.
Industry experts expect 5G to enable emerging applications such as virtual and augmented reality (AR/VR), industrial robotics/controls as part of the industrial internet of things (IIoT), interactive gaming, autonomous driving, and remote medical procedures. These applications need a modern, cloud-based infrastructure to meet requirements around latency, cost, availability and scalability. This infrastructure must be able to provide real-time, high-bandwidth, low-latency access to latency-dependent applications distributed at the edge of the network.
How Equinix thinks about network slicing
Network slicing refers to the ability to provision and connect functions within a common physical network to provide the resources necessary to deliver service functionality under specific performance constraints (such as latency, throughput, capacity and reliability) and functional constraints (such as security and applications/services). With network slicing, enterprises can use 5G networks and services for a wide variety of use cases on the same infrastructure.
Providing continuity of network slices with optimal UPF placement and intelligent interconnection
Mobile traffic originates in the mobile network, but it is not contained to the mobile network domain, because it runs between the user app on a device and the server workload on multi-access edge compute (MEC) or on the cloud. Therefore, to preserve intended characteristics, the slice must be extended all the way to where the traffic wants to go. This is why we like to say “the slicing must go on.”
The placement of network functions within the slice must be optimized relative to the intended traffic flow, so that performance can be ensured end-to-end. As a result, organizations must place or activate the user plane function (UPF) in optimal locations relative to the end-to-end user plane traffic flow.
We expect that hybrid and multicloud connectivity will remain a key requirement for enterprises using 5G access. In this case, hybrid refers to private edge computing resources (what we loosely call “MEC”) located in data centers—such as Equinix International Business Exchange™ (IBX®) data centers—and multicloud refers to accessing multiple cloud providers from 5G devices. To ensure both hybrid and multicloud connectivity, enterprises need to make the UPF part of the multidomain virtual Layer 2/Layer 3 interconnection fabric.
Because a slice must span multiple domains, automation of UPF activation, provisioning and virtual interconnection to edge compute and multicloud environments is critical.
Implementing network slicing for interconnection of core and edge technology
Equinix partnered with Kaloom to develop network slicing for interconnection of core and edge (NICE) technology within our 5G and Edge Technology Development Center (5G ETDC) in Dallas. NICE technology is built using cloud-native network fabric and high-performance 5G UPF from Kaloom. This is a production-ready software solution, running on white boxes built with P4 programmable application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), allowing for deep network slicing and support for high-performance 5G UPF with extremely fast data transfer rates.
With NICE technology in the 5G ETDC, Equinix demonstrates:
5G UPF deployment/activation and traffic breakout at Equinix for multiple slices.
Software-defined interconnection between the 5G core and MEC resources from multiple providers.
Software-defined interconnection between the 5G core and multiple cloud service providers.
Orchestration of provisioning and automation of interconnection across the 5G core, MEC and cloud resources.
Architecture of NICE technology in the Equinix 5G ETDC
The image above shows (from left to right):
The mobile domain with radio access network (RAN), devices (simulated) and mobile backhaul connected to Equinix.
The Equinix domain with:
Equinix Metal® supporting edge computing servers and a fabric controller from Kaloom.
Network slicing fabric providing interconnection and Layer 2/Layer 3 cloud-native networking to dynamically activate UPF instances/interfaces connected with MEC environments and clouds, forming two slices (shown above in blue and red).
Equinix Fabric™ and multicloud connectivity.
This demonstrates the benefit of having the UPF as a feature of the interconnection fabric, effectively allowing UPF activation as part of the virtual fabric configuration. This ultimately enables high-performance UPF that’s suitable for use cases such as high-speed 5G fixed wireless access.
Combining UPF instances and MEC environments into an interconnection fabric makes it possible to create continuity for the slices and influence performance and functionality. Equinix Fabric adds multicloud connectivity to slices, enabling organizations to directly integrate network slicing with their mobile hybrid multicloud architectures.
Successful private 5G edge deployments deliver value in several ways. Primarily, they offer immediate access to locally provisioned elastic compute, storage and networking resources that deliver the best user and application experiences. In addition, they help businesses access a rich ecosystem of partners to unlock new technologies at the edge.
Secure, reliable connectivity and scalable resources are essential at the edge. A multivendor strategy with best-of-breed components complemented by telemetry, advanced analytics with management and orchestration—as demonstrated with NICE in Equinix data centers—is a most effective way to meet those requirements. With Equinix’s global footprint of secure, well-equipped facilities, customers can maximize benefits.”
- Suresh Krishnan, CTO, Kaloom
Equinix and its partners are building the future of 5G
NICE technology is just one example of how the Equinix 5G and Edge Technology Development Center enables the innovation and development of real-world capabilities that underpin the edge computing and interconnection infrastructure required to successfully implement 5G use cases. A key benefit of the 5G ETDC is the ability to combine cutting-edge innovations from our partners like Kaloom with proven solutions from Equinix that already serve a large ecosystem of customers actively utilizing hybrid multicloud architectures.
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Hyper-Converged Infrastructure
Article | October 3, 2023
Unlock Courses and HCI certifications focused on hyperconvergence providing individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to design, deploy, and manage these advanced infrastructure solutions.
Hyperconvergence has become essential for professionals and beginners seeking to stay ahead in their careers and grow in infstructure sector. Hyperconvergence courses and certifications offer valuable opportunities to enhance knowledge and skills in this transformative technology. In this article, explore the significance of hyperconvergence courses and certifications, and how they enable professionals to become experts in designing, implementing, and managing hyperconverged infrastructure solutions.
1. Cloud Infrastructure and Services Version 4.0 (DCA-CIS)
The Dell Technologies Proven Professional Cloud Infrastructure and Services Associate (DCA-CIS) certification is an associate level certification designed to provide participants with a comprehensive understanding of the technologies, processes, and mechanisms required to build cloud infrastructure. By following a cloud computing reference model, participants can make informed decisions when building cloud infrastructure and prepare for advanced topics in cloud solutions. The certification involves completing the recommended training and passing the DEA-2TT4 exam. Exam retake policies are in place, and exam security measures ensure the integrity and validity of certifications. Candidates receive provisional exam score reports immediately, with final scores available in their CertTracker accounts after a statistical analysis. This certification equips professionals with the necessary expertise to excel in cloud infrastructure and services.
2. DCS-SA: Systems Administrator, VxRail
The Specialist – Systems Administrator, VxRail Version 2.0 (DCS-SA) certification focuses on individuals wanting to validate their expertise in effectively administering VxRail systems. VxRail clusters provide hyper-converged solutions that simplify IT operations and reduce business operational costs. This HCI certification introduces participants to the VxRail product, including its hardware and software components within a VxRail cluster. Key topics covered include cluster management, provisioning, monitoring, expansion, REST API usage, and standard maintenance activities. To attain this certification, individuals must acquire a prescribed Associate Level Certification, complete recommended training options, and pass the DES-6332 exam. This certification empowers professionals to administer VxRail systems and optimize data center operations efficiently.
3. Certified and Supported SAP HANA Hardware
One among HCI certification courses, the Certified and Supported SAP HANA Hardware program provides a directory of hardware options powered by SAP HANA, accelerating implementation processes. The directory includes certified appliances, enterprise storage solutions, IaaS platforms, Hyper-Converged Infrastructure (HCI) Solutions, supported intel systems, and supported power systems. These hardware options have undergone testing by hardware partners in collaboration with SAP LinuxLab and are supported for SAP HANA certification. Valid certifications are required at purchase, and support is provided until the end of maintenance. SAP SE delivers the directory for informational purposes, and improvements or corrections may be made at their discretion.
4. Google Cloud Fundamentals: Core Infrastructure
Google Cloud Fundamentals: Core Infrastructure is a comprehensive course introducing essential concepts and terminology for working with Google Cloud. It provides an overview of Google Cloud's computing and storage services and resource as well as policy management tools. Through videos and hands-on labs, learners will gain the knowledge and skills to interact with Google Cloud services, choose and deploy applications using App Engine, Google Kubernetes Engine, and Compute Engine, and utilize various storage options such as cloud storage, Cloud SQL, Cloud Bigtable, and Firestore. This beginner-level course is part of multiple specialization and professional certificate programs, including networking in Google Cloud and developing applications with Google Cloud. Upon completion, learners will receive a shareable certificate. The course is offered by Google Cloud, a trusted provider of innovative cloud technologies designed for security, reliability, and scalability.
5. Infrastructure and Application Modernization with Google Cloud
The ‘Modernizing Legacy Systems and Infrastructure with Google Cloud’ course addresses the challenges faced by businesses with outdated IT infrastructure and explores how cloud technology can enable modernization. It covers various computing options available in the cloud and their benefits, as well as application modernization and API management. The course highlights Google Cloud solutions like Compute Engine, App Engine, and Apigee that assist in system development and management. By completing this beginner-level course, learners will understand the benefits of infrastructure and app modernization using cloud technology, the distinctions between virtual machines, containers, and Kubernetes, and how Google Cloud solutions support app modernization and simplify API management. The course is offered by Google Cloud, a leading provider of cloud technologies designed for security, reliability, and scalability. Upon completion, learners will receive a shareable certificate.
6. Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Foundations
One of the HCI certification courses, the ‘OCI Foundations Course’ is designed to prepare learners for the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Foundations Associate Certification. The course provides an introduction to the OCI platform and covers core topics such as compute, storage, networking, identity, databases, and security. By completing this course, learners will gain knowledge and skills in architecting solutions, understanding autonomous database concepts, and working with networking and observability tools. The course is offered by Oracle, a leading provider of integrated application suites and secure cloud infrastructure. Learners will have access to flexible deadlines and will receive a shareable certificate upon completion. Oracle's partnership with Coursera aims to increase accessibility to cloud skills training and empower individuals and enterprises to gain expertise in Oracle Cloud solutions.
7. Designing Cisco Data Center Infrastructure (DCID)
The 'Designing Cisco Data Center Infrastructure (DCID) v7.0' training is designed to help learners master the design and deployment options for Cisco data center solutions. The course covers various aspects of data center infrastructure, including network, compute, virtualization, storage area networks, automation, and security. Participants will learn design practices for Cisco Unified Computing System, network management technologies, and various Cisco data center solutions. The training provides both theoretical content and design-oriented case studies through activities. By completing this training, learners can earn 40 Continuing Education credits and prepare for the 300-610 Designing Cisco Data Center Infrastructure (DCID) exam. This certification equips professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary to design scalable and reliable data center environments using Cisco technologies, making them eligible for professional-level job roles in enterprise-class data centers. Prerequisites for this training include foundational knowledge in data center networking, storage, virtualization, and Cisco UCS.
Final Thoughts
Mastering infrastructure in the realm of hyperconvergence is essential for IT professionals seeking to excel in their careers and drive successful deployments. Courses and HCI certifications focused on hyperconvergence provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to design, deploy, and manage these infrastructure modernization solutions. By acquiring these credentials, professionals can validate their expertise, stay up-to-date with industry best practices, and position themselves as valuable assets in the rapidly evolving landscape of IT infrastructure.
These courses and certifications offer IT professionals the opportunity to master the intricacies of this transformative infrastructure approach. By investing in these educational resources, individuals can enhance their skill set, broaden their career prospects, and contribute to the successful implementation and management of hyperconverged infrastructure solutions.
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Article | June 3, 2021
At last, the wait for 5G is nearly over. As this map shows, coverage is widespread across much of the U.S., in 24 EU countries, and in pockets around the globe.
The new wireless standard is worth the wait. Compared to 4G, the new wireless standard can move more data from the edge, with less latency. And connect many more users and devices—an important development given that the IDC estimates 152,000 new Internet of Things (IoT) devices per minute by 2025. Put it together, and 5G is a game-changing backhaul for public networks. (Wi-Fi 6, often mentioned in the same breath as 5G, is generally used for private WANs.
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